All Ternary Permutation Constraint Satisfaction Problems Parameterized above Average Have Kernels with Quadratic Numbers of Variables

A ternary Permutation-CSP is specified by a subset Π of the symmetric group S3. An instance of such a problem consists of a set of variables V and a multiset of constraints, which are ordered triples of distinct variables of V. The objective is to find a linear ordering α of V that maximizes the number of triples whose rearrangement (under α) follows a permutation in Π. We prove that every ternary Permutation-CSP parameterized above average has a kernel with a quadratic number of variables.